Understanding blast-induced neurotrauma: how far have we come?

Understanding Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates—How Far Have We Come?

Some dinoflagellates possess the remarkable genetic, biochemical, and cellular machinery to produce bioluminescence. Bioluminescent species appear to be ubiquitous in surface waters globally and include numerous cosmopolitan and harmful taxa. Nevertheless, bioluminescence remains an enigmatic topic in biology, particularly with regard to the organisms' lifestyle. In this paper, we review the li...

Knowledge Representation: How far we have come?

The theory of Knowledge Representation has been one of the central focuses in Artificial Intelligence research over the past 60 years which has seen numerous proposals and debates ranging from very philosophical and theoretical level to practical issues. Although a lot of work has been done in this area, we believe currently, it does not receive enough attention from the research community, exc...

Intravenous iron therapy: how far have we come?

Oral iron supplementation is usually the first choice for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) because of its effectiveness and low cost. But unfortunately in many iron deficient conditions, oral iron is a less than the ideal treatment mainly because of adverse events related to the gastrointestinal tract as well as the long course required to treat anemia and replenish body iron store...

Candida glabrata Biofilms: How Far Have We Come?

Infections caused by Candida species have been increasing in the last decades and can result in local or systemic infections, with high morbidity and mortality. After Candida albicans, Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent pathogenic fungi in humans. In addition to the high antifungal drugs resistance and inability to form hyphae or secret hydrolases, C. glabrata retain many virulence f...

Atrial fibrillation ablation: how far have we come?